Kidney Failure Treatment in Mumbai, India
Overview
Kidney failure is a condition in which the kidneys cannot efficiently filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. Acute renal damage, chronic kidney disease (CKD), or other underlying medical disorders may be the cause of this. Harmful substances build up in the body when the kidneys fail, causing symptoms like weariness, edema, shortness of breath, and elevated blood pressure. Acute kidney failure develops quickly, but chronic kidney failure develops gradually over time.
Alternative Names For Kidney Failure
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), which refers to the progressive decrease of kidney function over time, is one of the many names for kidney failure that are frequently used. Renal failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the term used to describe a significant reduction in kidney function that necessitates dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Prevalence & Impact On Health
According to a report, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) impacts 10% of the world's population, and millions of people die from it every year due to a lack of access to reasonably priced treatment. Due to rising rates of diabetes, hypertension, and an ageing population, renal failure is becoming more common.
Types Of Kidney Failure
Acute Kidney Failure
This kind of kidney failure frequently results from injury, infection, or poisoning and manifests abruptly. If the underlying cause is treated, it may be reversible with timely treatment.
Chronic Kidney Failure
Chronic kidney failure is frequently brought on by diabetes or high blood pressure. It is a chronic illness that progressively causes irreversible kidney damage.
Symptoms Of Kidney Failure
- Fatigue: A common symptom brought on by waste product accumulation is fatigue and weakness.
- Swelling in Legs, Ankles, or Feet: Swelling is caused by the body retaining too much fluid, especially in the lower limbs.
- Shortness of Breath: Breathing can become challenging due to fluid accumulation in the lungs, particularly when exercising or when in a supine position.
- Nausea: Nausea and a generalised sense of disease are frequently caused by the buildup of toxins in the body.
- Confusion: An accumulation of toxins can impair brain function, leading to mental fog, disorientation, or trouble focusing.
- Reduced Urine Output: The kidneys' inability to effectively filter waste results in a decreased urine output.
Causes Of Kidney Failure
- Diabetes: Diabetic nephropathy and renal failure can result from high blood sugar damage to kidney blood vessels.
- High Blood Pressure: Kidney blood arteries are harmed by uncontrolled hypertension, which lowers their capacity to filter.
- Glomerulonephritis: Kidney damage can result from inflammation of the kidney's filtration units, which is frequently caused by infections or autoimmune disorders.
- Polycystic Kidney Disease: A genetic disorder that causes kidney cysts, which gradually damage the kidneys.
- Recurrent Kidney Infections: Recurrent infections can damage the kidneys, making it more difficult for them to function normally.
Kidney Failure Diagnosis
To diagnose renal failure, blood tests (creatinine, BUN), urine tests (albumin, output), imaging (ultrasound, CT scan), and occasionally a kidney biopsy are used. These tests evaluate kidney function, detect damage, and identify the reason for failure, aiding in treatment decision-making.
Kidney Failure Treatment
The main treatments are:
- Changes in lifestyle are necessary prior to kidney failure treatment. The mainstays include a kidney-friendly diet, consistent exercise, abstaining from smoking and heavy alcohol use, using medications if required, and going for regular checkups.
- Haemodialysis filters blood, while peritoneal uses the belly to remove waste and fluid. Drugs control anaemia, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Dietary adjustments regulate protein and fluids and minimise sodium, potassium, and phosphorus.
- If dialysis is not enough after treatment, a kidney transplant may be necessary. Immunosuppressive drugs prevent organ rejection following surgery, and routine monitoring guarantees healthy kidney function.
- Regular checkups, a balanced lifestyle, cautious blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar management are required for improved kidney health.
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Kidney Failure Risk Factors
- Diabetes: Over time, high blood sugar levels can harm the kidneys' blood vessels, making it more difficult for them to efficiently filter waste.
- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Uncontrolled hypertension can harm the kidneys' blood arteries, impairing their ability to function.
- Heart Disease: Damage and malfunction of the kidneys can result from poor cardiovascular health.
- Obesity: Obesity and excess weight raise the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure, all of which can lead to renal failure.
- Family History of Kidney Disease: As some forms of kidney illness are inherited, having a family history of renal disease can make kidney problems more likely to occur.
- Older Age: Age-related reductions in kidney function are normal, and chronic renal disease and kidney failure are more common in older persons.
Kidney Failure Complications
- Fluid Retention: Kidney failure compromises the body's capacity to eliminate extra fluid, causing swelling in the legs, ankles, and eye area.
- Heart Disease: Due to the accumulation of waste products, fluid retention, and elevated blood pressure, kidney failure can result in heart issues, including heart disease.
- Bone Disease and Fractures: Impaired kidneys, which alter the balance of calcium and phosphate, result in weak bones and an increased risk of fractures.
- Anaemia: Kidney failure can reduce the production of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. This leads to anaemia, which results in fatigue, weakness, and paleness.
- Damage to the Central Nervous System: A buildup of toxins in the blood may impact brain function. This can result in confusion, memory issues, trouble focusing, and, in extreme situations, seizures or coma.
- Reduced Immune Response: Kidney failure weakens the immune system, increasing the body's vulnerability to infections.
Kidney Failure Prevention
Regulating diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure is important for preventing kidney failure. Early damage detection is aided by routine examinations and kidney function monitoring. Regular activity and a nutritious diet low in salt, potassium, and phosphorus promote kidney health. Steer clear of overusing NSAIDs and other drugs that can damage the kidneys. Additionally, it's critical to stay hydrated because dehydration can harm the kidneys. These actions can considerably decrease the risk of kidney failure.
Conclusion
The cause and severity of treatment affect the outlook for renal failure. Recovery from acute kidney failure is possible with prompt management, particularly if the underlying cause is curable. On the other hand, chronic kidney failure usually worsens over time and requires long-term care, such as dialysis or a kidney transplant. Kidney failure might result in potentially fatal complications if left untreated.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is Kidney Failure Curable?
Although renal failure cannot be cured, it can be controlled with dialysis or a kidney transplant.
2. What Lifestyle Changes Can Help Manage Kidney Failure?
Kidney failure can be managed by following a kidney-friendly diet, drinking enough water, exercising frequently, and controlling diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure.
3. Is Dialysis The Only Kidney Failure Treatment?
No, dialysis is not the only kidney failure treatment in India for people with severe kidney failure; kidney transplantation is an additional option.
4. How Often Should Kidney Function Be Monitored?
Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended, usually every 6 to 12 months, or more frequently for individuals with pre-existing kidney problems or those at higher risk.
5. What is The role of a Kidney Transplant in Treating Kidney Failure?
A kidney transplant restores function and removes the need for dialysis by substituting a healthy donor kidney for a damaged kidney.
6. What Kind of Doctor Treats Kidney Failure?
A nephrologist treats kidney failure.
7. Can You Live a Normal Life With Kidney Failure?
With treatment like dialysis or a kidney transplant, many people can lead a normal life.