Understanding Ovarian Cancer: The Critical Role of Testing

By Dr. Hemant B. Tongaonkar in Nanavati Max Institute of Cancer Care , Institute for Bone, Joint Replacement, Orthopaedics Spine and Sports Medicine , Gynaecological Oncology Program

Jul 01 , 2023 | 2 min read

Ovarian cancer is a silent predator, often undetected until it's in the advanced stages. This type of cancer typically originates in the ovaries, structures responsible for producing eggs and hormones in women. Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally, making it a significant public health concern. Early detection through appropriate ovarian cancer testing is paramount for successful treatment and survival.

The Silent Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer:

One of the reasons ovarian cancer is often diagnosed late is due to its 'silent' nature. Symptoms of ovarian cancer, which include bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, difficulty eating, and frequent urination, often mimic less severe health conditions. As such, they are frequently overlooked. However, when these symptoms are persistent and cause discomfort, it is advisable to seek medical attention immediately.

Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors:

Several risk factors can increase the chances of developing ovarian cancer. These include age, family history of ovarian or breast cancer, certain genetic mutations (BRCA1 and BRCA2), endometriosis, obesity, and use of estrogen hormone replacement therapy, among others. Understanding these risk factors is essential in assessing one's susceptibility to the disease.

The Critical Role of Ovarian Cancer Testing:

The adage ‘prevention is better than cure’ holds especially true for ovarian cancer. Screening tests, although not perfect, offer the best chance for early detection. Routine pelvic examinations, transvaginal ultrasounds, and the CA-125 blood test are common methods for ovarian cancer testing.

a) Pelvic Examinations:

A routine pelvic examination can sometimes detect ovarian cancer. During this test, a healthcare provider palpates the abdomen and pelvis for tumors or irregularities. However, it's important to note that this test isn't definitive and can miss small ovarian tumors.

b) Transvaginal Ultrasounds:

Transvaginal ultrasounds allow doctors to visualize the ovaries by using sound waves. This test can help identify masses or cysts in the ovaries but cannot definitively diagnose ovarian cancer.

c) CA-125 Blood Test:

A CA-125 blood test measures the amount of the protein CA-125 in the blood, often elevated in women with ovarian cancer. While this test can indicate the presence of ovarian cancer, it can also be influenced by other conditions, hence not always a conclusive determinant.

d) Genetic Testing for Ovarian Cancer

Genetic testing is a vital tool for individuals with a high risk of ovarian cancer. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes significantly increase the risk of both breast and ovarian cancers. Genetic testing can identify these mutations, providing crucial information to guide prevention strategies.

The Importance of Regular Check-Ups

Regular health check-ups, including pelvic examinations and discussions about risk factors, are key to early detection. If ovarian cancer is suspected, doctors will typically perform multiple tests, including those mentioned above, to confirm the diagnosis.

The Power of Knowledge

Knowledge is power in the fight against ovarian cancer. Understanding the disease, recognizing its risk factors and symptoms, and embracing the role of ovarian cancer testing can make a significant difference in outcomes. Regular check-ups and vigilant symptom monitoring are vital for every woman, especially those with higher risk factors. Remember, early detection is the best defence against ovarian cancer.