Colon Cancer: Stages and Process of Treatment

By Dr. Ganesh Nagarajan in Nanavati Max Institute of Cancer Care

Apr 24 , 2023 | 3 min read

Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the large intestine (colon) or rectum. It is the third most common cancer globally and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Early detection and proper treatment significantly improve survival rates. At Nanavati Max Institute, we offer colon cancer treatments and expert care to manage colon cancer effectively.

Stages of Colon Cancer

Colon cancer progresses through various stages, and the treatment approach differs depending on the stage of the disease. Staging helps determine the extent of cancer and guides treatment plans.

Stage 0 (Carcinoma in Situ)

Description: Cancer is limited to the innermost layer of the colon lining.
Treatment: The cancer can usually be removed through a colonoscopy or minor surgery, with no need for more aggressive treatments.

Stage I

Description: Cancer has grown into the inner layers of the colon but has not spread beyond the colon wall.
Treatment: Surgical removal of the tumor, often followed by regular monitoring.

Stage II

Description: The cancer has spread to the outer layers of the colon but not to lymph nodes or distant organs.
Treatment: Surgery is the primary treatment. Chemotherapy may be recommended if the cancer is likely to return.

Stage III (Divided into Sub-stages IIIA, IIIB, IIIC)

Stage IIIA: Cancer has spread to a small number of nearby lymph nodes.
Stage IIIB: Cancer has spread more significantly to lymph nodes.
Stage IIIC: Cancer has spread to many nearby lymph nodes.
- Treatment: Surgical removal of the tumor, followed by chemotherapy to destroy remaining cancer cells. Radiation therapy may be used in some cases.

Stage IV

Description: Cancer has spread to distant organs like the liver or lungs.
Treatment: A combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies. Palliative care may be offered to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Colon Cancer Treatment Process

We offer personalized cancer treatment plans based on the stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and their preferences. Treatments include:

Surgery: Often the first line of defense for colon cancer, aimed at removing the cancerous part of the colon.
Chemotherapy: Used to destroy cancer cells or stop their growth. Chemotherapy is often given after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Radiation Therapy: May be used to shrink tumors before surgery or to relieve symptoms in advanced cancer.
Immunotherapy: A newer treatment that boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer.
Targeted Therapy: Targets specific cancer cells without affecting normal cells.

Read more About - Colon Cancer Treatment by Stage

Survival Rates for Colon Cancer

The survival rate for colon cancer depends on the stage at which the cancer is diagnosed and how early treatment begins. Early-stage colon cancer (stages 0-II) typically has a high survival rate, with a 5-year survival rate of over 90%. For advanced stages (III and IV), survival rates vary and depend on the extent of spread and the response to treatments.

At Nanavati Max Institute, we use the latest medical advancements to improve survival rates and provide patients with the best possible care.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is The Survival Rate for Colon Cancer?

Survival rates depend on the stage at diagnosis. Early-stage colon cancer has a high survival rate of over 90%. Advanced stages may have lower survival rates but can still be treated effectively with appropriate therapies.

2. What are The Symptoms of Colon Cancer?

Common symptoms include blood in stool, unexplained weight loss, persistent abdominal pain, fatigue, and changes in bowel habits like diarrhea or constipation.

3. How Often Should One Undergo Colon Cancer Screenings?

Individuals at average risk should start screenings at age 45. Those with a family history of colon cancer may need to start earlier or undergo more frequent screenings.

4. What are The Early Warning Signs of Colon Cancer?

Look for symptoms like changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, and blood in stool.

5. Is Colon Cancer Hereditary?

A family history of colon cancer increases your risk, but lifestyle factors also play a significant role.

6. Can Colon Cancer Be Prevented?

While it can’t always be prevented, regular screenings, a healthy diet, and exercise can lower the risk.

7. Who Treats Colon Cancer?

Colon cancer is typically treated by a team of healthcare professionals, including a gastroenterologist, oncologist, and surgeon. Depending on the stage and treatment approach, radiation oncologists and pathologists may also be involved.